How to Draw Contours using Judgement and Free Hand Method

Hi,

There are other method of contouring like the arithmetic estimation, but for less accurate but quick draw, one can use their fine judgement and free hand technique to draw the contours for the given elevation points. 

In the following example, the control points are already drawn. The square patterned control points' elevations are shown, one has to use the fine judgement to draw the contour lines. See how it is done, all you have to do is to judge the contour line's placement from the given elevations. 



       

Look at the nearest control point elevations. If the nearby elevation is higher, then the terrain is rising towards it, if it is lower, terrain must have a downward gradient. 

Definitely the higher contour must lie towards the rising terrain and a contour with the lower elevation must lie towards the downward gradient. 

Drawing Contour Lines free hand with fine judgement

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Elevation of Intermediate Stations in Leveling - Height of Instrument Method

Hi,

In a profile leveling process, in between two turning points(TPs), there are many intermediate stations that we take readings to find out the elevations of the those stations. 

These readings can be taken using a level, a theodolite or a total stations. Problem is that how to find out the elevation of those stations. 

Using a bench mark and its given elevation it can be learned from the following example. 


      
The method used is generally known as the Height of the Instrument method. If you have any doubt please let me know in the comment box.

Height of the Instrument Method - Profile leveling - Elevation of intermediate stations.

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Closed Traverse - How to find out the Bearings of Traverse Lines

Hi,
Let us learn to find out the bearings of the lines of a closed traverse with the help of the following example.  such problems occur in the Compass traverse or Theodolite Traversing.

Example
you are given a closed traverse with four sides, three of its interior angles A, B and D are given. Find out the bearings of the four lines if the bearing of the line AB is given.

Solutions:

closed traverse- Compass survey - finding out Bearings of lines.

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